Calligraphy is the noblest visual art of Islam

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Again from Chapter 4 of Sacred Art in East and West , let's follow Burckhardt's insights into another dimension of Islamic sacred art:

"The noblest of the visual arts in the world of Islam is calligraphy, and it is the writing of the Koran that is sacred art par excellence ; it plays a part more or less analogous to that of the icon in Christian art, for it represents the visible body of the Divine Word.

"In sacred inscriptions the Arabic letters combine fluently with arabesques, especially with plant motives, which are thus brought into closer relationship with the Asiatic symbolism of the tree of the world; the leaves of this tree correspond to the words of the Sacred Book Arabic calligraphy contains within itself alone decorative possibilities of inexhaustible richness; its modalities vary between the monumental Kufic script with its rectlinear forms and vertical breaks, and the naskhi with its line as fluid and as serpentine as it could be. The richness of the Arabic script comes from the fact that it has fiilly developed its two "dimensions": the vertical, which confers on the letters their hieratic dignity, and the horizontal, which links them together in a continuous flow. As in the symbolism of weaving, the vertical lines, analogous to the "warp" of the fabric, correspond to the permanent essences of things it is by the vertical that the unalterable character of each letter is affirmed whereas the horizontal, analogous to the "weft," expresses becoming or the matter that links one thing to another. A significance of the kind is particularly evident in Arab calligraphy, where the vertical strokes transcend and regulate the undulating flow of the connecting strokes."